Charge generation in polymer–fullerene bulk-heterojunction solar cells

Charge Carrier Recombination in Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells

Photovoltaic phenomenon was first observed by E. Becquerel (Becquerel) in 1839. He observed the electric current-lit silver electrode, immersed in the electrolyte. In 1894, taking advantage of the observed photoconductivity phenomenon in amorphous selenium the semiconductor solar cell was developed. The very first silicon p-n junction solar cell was made in 1954, energy conversion efficiency of...

The Importance of Fullerene Percolation in the Mixed Regions of PolymerFullerene Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells

wileyonlinelibrary.com © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim J. A. Bartelt, Z. M. Beiley, W. R. Mateker, Dr. K. R. Graham, Prof. M. D. McGehee Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305, USA E-mail: [email protected] Dr. E. T. Hoke Department of Applied Physics Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305, USA J. D. Douglas, Prof. J. M. J. F...

Energy level alignment and sub-bandgap charge generation in polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells.

Using charge modulated electroabsorption spectroscopy (CMEAS), for the first time, the energy level alignment of a polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cell is directly measured. The charge-transfer excitons generated by the sub-bandgap optical pumping are coupled with the modulating electric field and introduce subtle changes in optical absorption in the sub-bandgap region. This ...

Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells — Opportunities and Challenges

Measurement of the Charge Carrier Mobility Distribution in Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells.

Charge carrier transport through organic solar cells is fundamentally dispersive due to the disordered structure and complex film morphology within the photoactive layer. A novel application of transient photocurrent and short-circuit variable time-delayed collection field measurements is used to reconstruct the complete charge carrier mobility distribution for the photogenerated carriers in op...